As an SEO expert agency called Tonotaco, we understand the importance of building high-quality backlinks for your website in 2023. Backlinks play a crucial role in improving your search engine rankings and driving organic traffic to your site. In this article, we will guide you through the 7 essential steps to building high-quality backlinks that will help you achieve these goals.

Step 1: Conduct Competitor Analysis

One of the first steps in building high-quality backlinks is to analyze your competitors’ backlink profiles. By studying their backlinks, you can identify opportunities to build similar links for your own website. This can be done using various tools and techniques, such as backlink analysis tools and manual research.

Step 2: Create Valuable and Shareable Content

Creating valuable and shareable content is key to attracting natural backlinks from authoritative websites in your industry. To do this, you need to research and identify popular topics in your niche that resonate with your target audience. Utilize keyword research tools to find relevant keywords and topics with high search volume and low competition. Additionally, analyze social media trends to identify topics that are currently being discussed and shared by your target audience.

Step 3: Outreach to Relevant Websites

Outreach is an important aspect of building high-quality backlinks. Identify relevant websites in your industry that have a high domain authority and are likely to provide valuable backlinks. Craft persuasive outreach emails that grab the attention of website owners and convince them to link back to your website.

Step 4: Guest Blogging and Contributing to Industry Publications

Gaining backlinks through guest blogging and contributing to industry publications can significantly boost your website’s authority. Find guest blogging opportunities on authoritative websites in your industry and contribute valuable content to earn backlinks from reputable sources.

Step 5: Monitor and Analyze Backlink Performance

Once you have built backlinks, it is crucial to monitor and analyze their performance. Use backlink analysis tools to track and analyze the quality and performance of your backlinks. Monitor referral traffic and search engine rankings to gauge the effectiveness of your backlinks and make necessary adjustments.

By following these 7 steps, you can build high-quality backlinks for your website in 2023 and improve your search engine rankings and organic traffic. Stay tuned for more valuable insights and tips from Tonotaco, your trusted SEO expert agency.

1. Conduct Competitor Analysis

1. Conduct Competitor Analysis

In the ever-evolving world of SEO, staying ahead of the competition is crucial to achieving higher search engine rankings and driving organic traffic to your website. One effective strategy to gain a competitive edge is by conducting a thorough competitor analysis. By analyzing your competitors’ backlinks, you can identify valuable opportunities to build high-quality backlinks for your own website.

So, how can you conduct a comprehensive competitor analysis?

Step 1: Identify Your Competitors

Start by identifying your main competitors in the online space. Look for websites that operate in the same niche or industry as your own. These competitors are likely targeting similar keywords and attracting a similar audience.

Step 2: Analyze Competitors’ Backlinks

Once you have identified your competitors, it’s time to analyze their backlink profiles. Use backlink analysis tools to gather data on the websites that are linking to your competitors. These tools provide insights into the quality and quantity of backlinks your competitors have acquired.

Step 3: Identify Link Building Opportunities

As you analyze your competitors’ backlinks, pay attention to the websites that are linking to them. Look for authoritative websites in your industry that could potentially provide valuable backlinks to your own website. These websites have already shown an interest in your niche, making them more likely to consider linking to your content.

Step 4: Develop a Link Building Strategy

Based on your competitor analysis, develop a comprehensive link building strategy. Identify the types of backlinks that your competitors have acquired and determine how you can replicate or improve upon their success. This could involve reaching out to the same websites, creating similar content, or finding unique angles to attract backlinks.

Remember, conducting a competitor analysis is an ongoing process. Continuously monitor your competitors’ backlinks and adjust your strategy accordingly. By staying proactive and strategic, you can build high-quality backlinks that will boost your website’s visibility and drive organic traffic in 2023 and beyond.

2. Create Valuable and Shareable Content

Creating valuable and shareable content is crucial for attracting natural backlinks from authoritative websites in your industry. In order to achieve this, you need to focus on producing high-quality content that resonates with your target audience and provides value.

Here are some steps you can follow to create valuable and shareable content:

  • Research and Identify Popular Topics: Start by researching and identifying popular topics in your niche. This will help you understand what your target audience is interested in and what kind of content they are likely to share.
  • Use Keyword Research Tools: Utilize keyword research tools to find relevant keywords and topics that have high search volume and low competition. This will help you optimize your content for search engines and increase its visibility.
  • Analyze Social Media Trends: Keep an eye on social media trends to identify popular topics that are currently being discussed and shared by your target audience. This will enable you to create timely and relevant content that has a higher chance of being shared.

Once you have identified the topics, it’s time to focus on producing high-quality content. Here are some tips to help you:

  • Be Well-Researched: Take the time to thoroughly research your chosen topic. This will ensure that your content is accurate, informative, and provides value to your audience.
  • Be Informative and Engaging: Make sure your content is not only informative but also engaging. Use a conversational tone, storytelling techniques, and visuals to capture the reader’s attention and keep them engaged throughout.
  • Provide Actionable Takeaways: Give your audience actionable takeaways that they can implement in their own lives or businesses. This will make your content more valuable and shareable.

Remember, creating valuable and shareable content is an ongoing process. Continuously monitor your audience’s interests and preferences, and adapt your content strategy accordingly. By consistently producing high-quality content, you will attract natural backlinks from authoritative websites, improve your search engine rankings, and drive organic traffic to your website.

2.1. Research and Identify Popular Topics

2.1. Research and Identify Popular Topics

As an SEO expert in 2023, it is crucial to research and identify popular topics in your niche to create content that resonates with your target audience and attracts valuable backlinks. By understanding what your audience is interested in, you can provide them with relevant and engaging content that will naturally attract backlinks from authoritative websites.

So, how can you research and identify popular topics?

  • Use Keyword Research Tools: Start by using keyword research tools to find relevant keywords and topics that have high search volume and low competition. These tools will provide insights into what people are searching for in your industry, helping you uncover popular topics to focus on in your content.
  • Analyze Social Media Trends: Another effective way to identify popular topics is by analyzing social media trends. Pay attention to what topics are currently being discussed and shared by your target audience on platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn. This will give you valuable insights into what content is currently popular and can guide your content creation strategy.

Remember, the key is to create content that resonates with your target audience. By researching and identifying popular topics, you can ensure that your content is relevant, engaging, and valuable, increasing the likelihood of attracting backlinks from authoritative websites in your industry.

2.1.1. Use Keyword Research Tools

2.1.1. Use Keyword Research Tools

When it comes to building high-quality backlinks in 2023, one crucial step is to use keyword research tools. These tools are essential for finding relevant keywords and topics that not only have a high search volume but also low competition. By leveraging these tools, you can uncover valuable insights that will help you create content that attracts backlinks and boosts your website’s visibility in search engine rankings.

Keyword research tools allow you to explore different keywords and phrases that are relevant to your industry or niche. They provide data on search volume, competition level, and even suggest related keywords that you might not have considered. Armed with this information, you can strategically incorporate these keywords into your content, making it more likely to rank higher in search engine results.

Additionally, keyword research tools can help you identify trending topics that are currently popular among your target audience. By staying on top of these trends, you can create timely and engaging content that resonates with your readers, increasing the chances of attracting backlinks from authoritative websites.

In summary, using keyword research tools is an essential step in building high-quality backlinks in 2023. These tools provide valuable insights into relevant keywords and topics with high search volume and low competition, allowing you to create content that attracts backlinks and improves your website’s search engine rankings.

2.1.2. Analyze Social Media Trends

Learn how to analyze social media trends to identify popular topics that are currently being discussed and shared by your target audience.

Social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, and it plays a crucial role in shaping online conversations and trends. By analyzing social media trends, you can gain valuable insights into what topics are currently popular and being discussed by your target audience. This knowledge can help you create content that resonates with your audience and attracts backlinks.

So, how can you analyze social media trends effectively? Here are a few steps to get you started:

  • Monitor Hashtags and Keywords: Keep an eye on popular hashtags and keywords related to your industry. These can give you a sense of what people are talking about and what topics are trending.
  • Follow Influencers and Industry Leaders: Follow influential individuals and industry leaders in your niche on social media platforms. They often share valuable insights and trending topics that can inspire your content creation.
  • Engage in Social Listening: Use social listening tools to track mentions of your brand, industry, or relevant keywords. This can help you identify emerging trends and join conversations that are relevant to your target audience.
  • Analyze Engagement Metrics: Pay attention to the engagement metrics of posts related to your industry. Look for patterns in likes, comments, and shares to identify topics that are generating a lot of interest.

By analyzing social media trends, you can stay ahead of the curve and create content that captures the attention of your target audience. Remember, it’s not just about following trends blindly but understanding what resonates with your audience and adding value to the conversation.

2.2. Produce High-Quality Content

Producing high-quality content is crucial for attracting backlinks and establishing your website as an authoritative source in your industry. By following these tips and techniques, you can create content that is well-researched, informative, and engaging, increasing the chances of earning valuable backlinks.

1. Conduct thorough research: Before creating content, take the time to conduct thorough research on the topic. This will ensure that your content is accurate, up-to-date, and provides valuable insights to your audience. Utilize reliable sources, such as industry reports, academic journals, and reputable websites.

2. Provide unique perspectives: Differentiate your content by offering unique perspectives and insights. Avoid regurgitating information that is already available online. Instead, provide fresh and original viewpoints that add value to the conversation.

3. Make it visually appealing: Incorporate visual elements, such as images, infographics, and videos, to enhance the visual appeal of your content. Visuals not only make your content more engaging but also increase the chances of it being shared and linked to by other websites.

4. Optimize for readability: Structure your content in a way that is easy to read and digest. Use subheadings, bullet points, and short paragraphs to break up the text. Additionally, use a clear and concise writing style that is free from jargon or complex language.

5. Incorporate relevant keywords: Conduct keyword research to identify relevant keywords and phrases that your target audience is searching for. Incorporate these keywords naturally throughout your content to improve its visibility in search engine results.

6. Promote social sharing: Include social sharing buttons within your content to encourage readers to share it on their social media platforms. This can help increase the visibility of your content and attract more backlinks from social media users.

7. Engage with your audience: Encourage your readers to leave comments, ask questions, and engage with your content. Respond to their comments and foster a sense of community around your content. This can help build relationships with your audience and potentially attract backlinks from other websites.

By following these tips and techniques, you can produce high-quality content that not only attracts backlinks but also provides value to your audience. Remember, quality content is the foundation of a successful backlink building strategy in 2023.

3. Outreach to Relevant Websites

Outreach is a crucial step in building high-quality backlinks for your website. It involves reaching out to relevant websites in your industry and convincing them to link back to your site. This not only helps in improving your search engine rankings but also drives organic traffic to your website. Here are some important steps to effectively conduct outreach:

  • Identify Relevant Websites: Start by identifying websites in your industry that have a high domain authority and are likely to provide valuable backlinks. Look for websites that are relevant to your niche and target audience.
  • Craft Persuasive Outreach Emails: Once you have identified the relevant websites, it’s time to craft persuasive outreach emails. Personalize your emails and make them compelling enough to grab the attention of website owners. Clearly explain why linking to your website will benefit their audience.
  • Offer Value: In your outreach emails, emphasize the value you can provide to the website owner and their audience. Highlight the unique aspects of your website and how it can complement their content. Show them that linking to your website will enhance the overall user experience.
  • Follow Up: Don’t be discouraged if you don’t receive an immediate response. Follow up with a polite reminder after a few days. Persistence is key in outreach.
  • Build Relationships: Outreach is not just about securing backlinks. It’s also an opportunity to build relationships with influencers and industry leaders. Engage with them on social media, share their content, and establish a mutually beneficial connection.

Remember, effective outreach requires patience, persistence, and a personalized approach. Building relationships and offering value are key elements in securing high-quality backlinks from relevant websites. So, take the time to research and identify the right websites, craft compelling outreach emails, and establish meaningful connections in your industry.

3.1. Identify Relevant Websites

In order to build high-quality backlinks for your website, it is crucial to identify relevant websites in your industry that have a high domain authority. These websites are more likely to provide valuable backlinks that can significantly improve your website’s search engine rankings and organic traffic. Here are some steps to help you identify these relevant websites:

1. Research your industry: Start by conducting thorough research on your industry to understand the key players, influencers, and authoritative websites. Identify the websites that are highly regarded and trusted by your target audience.

2. Analyze domain authority: Use tools like Moz’s Domain Authority or Ahrefs’ Domain Rating to analyze the domain authority of different websites in your industry. Look for websites with a high domain authority, as they are more likely to provide valuable backlinks.

3. Consider relevance: While domain authority is important, it is equally important to ensure that the websites you choose are relevant to your industry and target audience. Look for websites that cover topics related to your niche and have a strong connection to your industry.

4. Check backlink profiles: Analyze the backlink profiles of the websites you have shortlisted. Look for websites that have a diverse portfolio of high-quality backlinks. This indicates that they are trusted and respected by other reputable websites.

5. Engage with industry influencers: Connect with influencers and thought leaders in your industry. They often have their own websites or blogs and can provide valuable backlinks to your website. Engaging with them through social media or collaborations can help you build relationships and gain backlinks.

By following these steps, you can effectively identify relevant websites in your industry that have a high domain authority and are likely to provide valuable backlinks to your website. This will contribute to improving your search engine rankings and driving organic traffic to your website.

3.2. Craft Persuasive Outreach Emails

Crafting persuasive outreach emails is a crucial skill for building high-quality backlinks. When reaching out to website owners, it’s important to grab their attention and convince them to link back to your website. Here are some effective strategies to craft persuasive outreach emails:

  • Personalize your emails: Start by addressing the website owner by their name and mention something specific about their website or recent content. This shows that you have taken the time to research and personalize your outreach.
  • Highlight mutual benefits: Clearly explain how linking to your website can benefit both parties. Emphasize the value and relevance of your content and how it can enhance their readers’ experience.
  • Show credibility: Mention any credentials, awards, or recognition that your website has received. This helps establish trust and credibility, making it more likely for the website owner to consider linking to your content.
  • Offer unique content: Provide a brief overview of the unique and valuable content you have created. Highlight any original research, expert insights, or practical tips that can add value to their audience.
  • Keep it concise: Keep your email short and to the point. Website owners receive numerous outreach emails, so a concise and compelling message is more likely to grab their attention.
  • Include a call to action: Clearly state what you are asking for, whether it’s a link to a specific article or a guest blogging opportunity. Make it easy for the website owner to take the desired action.

Remember, crafting persuasive outreach emails requires a personalized approach and careful consideration of the website owner’s interests and needs. By following these strategies, you can increase the chances of convincing website owners to link back to your website, ultimately building high-quality backlinks.

4. Guest Blogging and Contributing to Industry Publications

Guest blogging and contributing to industry publications are powerful strategies for building high-quality backlinks to your website. Not only do these tactics help improve your website’s search engine rankings, but they also provide numerous benefits for your brand and online presence.

One of the main benefits of guest blogging is the opportunity to reach a wider audience and establish yourself as an authority in your industry. By contributing valuable content to authoritative websites, you can attract the attention of their audience and gain exposure for your brand. This exposure can lead to increased website traffic, brand recognition, and potential new customers or clients.

Additionally, guest blogging allows you to build relationships with other industry experts and influencers. By collaborating with these individuals and sharing your expertise, you can expand your network and potentially open doors to new business opportunities.

When it comes to contributing to industry publications, the benefits are similar. By providing valuable insights and expertise to reputable sources in your niche, you can position yourself as a thought leader and gain credibility in your industry. This can lead to increased trust from your target audience and ultimately drive more traffic and conversions to your website.

To leverage these opportunities effectively, it’s important to research and identify relevant websites and publications in your industry. Look for websites that have a high domain authority and a strong following. Once you’ve identified these opportunities, craft compelling pitches or proposals that highlight the value you can provide to their audience.

Remember, guest blogging and contributing to industry publications are not just about building backlinks. They are about building relationships, establishing authority, and providing value to your audience. By approaching these opportunities with a strategic mindset and a focus on quality content, you can maximize the benefits and drive long-term success for your website.

4.1. Find Guest Blogging Opportunities

At Tonotaco, we understand the importance of guest blogging as a powerful strategy to build high-quality backlinks and establish your website as an authoritative source in your industry. In this section, we will share effective strategies to find guest blogging opportunities on authoritative websites and secure valuable backlinks through your contributed content.

1. Research and Identify Relevant Websites: Start by identifying websites in your industry that accept guest blog posts. Look for websites that have a high domain authority and a strong online presence. These websites are more likely to provide valuable backlinks to your website.

2. Build Relationships: Once you have identified potential websites, start building relationships with the website owners or editors. Engage with their content, share their articles on social media, and leave thoughtful comments. Building a relationship will increase the chances of them accepting your guest blog post.

3. Craft a Compelling Pitch: When reaching out to website owners or editors, craft a persuasive pitch that highlights the value you can provide to their audience. Clearly explain why your content is relevant and how it can benefit their readers. Personalize your pitch to show that you have done your research and understand their website’s audience.

4. Showcase Your Expertise: Provide samples of your previous work or links to your own website to showcase your expertise in the industry. This will help build trust and credibility with the website owner or editor.

5. Follow Guest Blogging Guidelines: Each website may have specific guidelines for guest blog posts. Make sure to carefully read and follow these guidelines to increase your chances of getting your guest blog post accepted.

6. Create High-Quality Content: When writing your guest blog post, focus on providing valuable and informative content that resonates with the website’s audience. Make sure your content is well-researched, engaging, and offers unique insights or perspectives.

7. Promote Your Guest Blog Post: Once your guest blog post is published, promote it on your own website and social media channels. This will drive traffic back to the website hosting your guest blog post and increase the visibility of your backlinks.

By following these effective strategies, you can find guest blogging opportunities on authoritative websites in your industry and secure valuable backlinks through your contributed content. Guest blogging not only helps improve your website’s search engine rankings but also allows you to reach a wider audience and establish yourself as an industry expert.

4.2. Contribute to Industry Publications

Contribute to industry publications and earn valuable backlinks from reputable sources in your niche. By sharing your expertise and insights through industry publications, you can establish yourself as a thought leader and attract high-quality backlinks to your website.

Here are some steps to effectively contribute to industry publications:

  • 1. Research and Identify Relevant Publications: Start by researching and identifying industry publications that are relevant to your niche. Look for publications that have a strong online presence and a large readership.
  • 2. Understand the Publication’s Guidelines: Before submitting your content, carefully read and understand the publication’s guidelines. Pay attention to their preferred topics, writing style, and formatting requirements.
  • 3. Create Valuable and Engaging Content: When crafting your content, focus on providing valuable information and insights that will benefit the publication’s readers. Make sure your content is well-researched, informative, and engaging.
  • 4. Follow the Submission Process: Each publication will have its own submission process. Follow their guidelines and submit your content accordingly. Be patient, as it may take some time for your content to be reviewed and published.
  • 5. Promote Your Published Content: Once your content is published, promote it through your own website, social media channels, and email newsletters. This will increase its visibility and attract more backlinks.

Remember, contributing to industry publications not only helps you earn backlinks but also enhances your reputation and credibility in your industry. It’s a win-win situation that can significantly boost your website’s search engine rankings and organic traffic.

5. Monitor and Analyze Backlink Performance

Monitoring and analyzing the performance of your backlinks is crucial to ensure that they are effectively driving traffic to your website and improving your search engine rankings. By regularly assessing the performance of your backlinks, you can identify any areas for improvement and make necessary adjustments to optimize their impact.

To monitor and analyze your backlink performance, there are several key steps you can take:

  • Use Backlink Analysis Tools: Utilize reliable backlink analysis tools to track and evaluate the quality and performance of your backlinks. These tools provide valuable insights into factors such as the number of backlinks, their authority, and their impact on your website’s visibility.
  • Monitor Referral Traffic: Keep a close eye on the referral traffic coming from your backlinks. By analyzing the amount and quality of traffic generated, you can determine which backlinks are driving the most valuable visitors to your site.
  • Track Search Engine Rankings: Regularly monitor your website’s search engine rankings to gauge the effectiveness of your backlinks. If your rankings are improving for relevant keywords, it indicates that your backlinks are positively impacting your website’s visibility and organic traffic.

By diligently monitoring and analyzing your backlink performance, you can identify any underperforming backlinks and take appropriate actions to optimize their effectiveness. This may involve reaching out to website owners to request updates or adjustments, or even considering the removal of low-quality or spammy backlinks that could be harming your website’s reputation.

Remember, in the ever-evolving world of SEO, staying on top of your backlink performance is essential to maintaining a strong online presence and maximizing the benefits of high-quality backlinks.

5.1. Use Backlink Analysis Tools

As we enter the year 2023, it is crucial for website owners and SEO specialists to stay ahead of the game when it comes to backlink analysis. Backlinks play a vital role in improving search engine rankings and driving organic traffic to your website. To ensure that your backlinks are of high quality and performing effectively, it is essential to explore the use of backlink analysis tools.

Backlink analysis tools provide valuable insights into the quality and performance of your backlinks. They allow you to track and monitor the links pointing to your website, identifying any opportunities for improvement. These tools provide metrics such as domain authority, anchor text distribution, and referring domains, giving you a comprehensive view of your backlink profile.

By utilizing backlink analysis tools, you can identify any low-quality or spammy backlinks that may be harming your website’s rankings. You can also analyze the anchor text distribution to ensure it is diverse and natural, avoiding over-optimization. These tools enable you to monitor the growth of your backlink profile over time and compare it to your competitors, giving you a competitive edge in the ever-evolving world of SEO.

In conclusion, backlink analysis tools are an essential component of any successful SEO strategy in 2023. By exploring their use, you can track and analyze the quality and performance of your backlinks, identifying any opportunities for improvement. Stay ahead of the competition and ensure that your backlinks are driving traffic and improving your search engine rankings by leveraging the power of backlink analysis tools.

5.2. Monitor Referral Traffic and Rankings

5.2. Monitor Referral Traffic and Rankings

Monitoring referral traffic and search engine rankings is crucial for understanding the effectiveness of your backlinks and making necessary adjustments to your SEO strategy. By keeping a close eye on these metrics, you can gain valuable insights into how your backlinks are performing and identify areas for improvement.

Referral traffic refers to the number of visitors that come to your website through external links from other websites. By monitoring referral traffic, you can determine which backlinks are driving the most traffic to your site. This information can help you identify the most effective backlinks and focus your efforts on building similar high-quality links.

Additionally, monitoring search engine rankings allows you to track the visibility of your website in search engine results pages (SERPs). By analyzing your rankings, you can assess the impact of your backlinks on your organic search performance. If you notice a drop in rankings, it may indicate that some of your backlinks are not as effective as they should be, and adjustments may be necessary.

To effectively monitor referral traffic and rankings, you can utilize various tools and platforms. Backlink analysis tools can provide you with detailed insights into the quality and performance of your backlinks. These tools can help you identify any toxic or low-quality backlinks that may be harming your SEO efforts.

Furthermore, regularly checking your referral traffic and rankings can help you stay ahead of any changes in search engine algorithms or industry trends. By staying proactive, you can make timely adjustments to your backlink strategy and ensure that your website continues to rank well and attract organic traffic.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • What is backlink building?

    Backlink building is the process of acquiring links from other websites to your own website. These links, also known as backlinks, are important for improving your website’s search engine rankings and organic traffic.

  • Why are backlinks important for SEO?

    Backlinks are important for SEO because search engines consider them as votes of confidence for your website. When other authoritative websites link to your site, it signals to search engines that your content is valuable and trustworthy. This can result in higher search engine rankings and increased visibility for your website.

  • How can I conduct competitor analysis for backlink building?

    To conduct competitor analysis for backlink building, you can use various tools and techniques. Start by identifying your main competitors in the industry and analyze their backlink profiles. Look for opportunities where they have acquired backlinks and try to replicate those strategies for your own website.

  • What types of content are considered valuable and shareable?

    Valuable and shareable content is content that provides useful information, solves problems, or entertains the target audience. It can include informative articles, how-to guides, case studies, infographics, videos, and more. The key is to create content that resonates with your audience and encourages them to share it with others.

  • How do I identify relevant websites for outreach?

    To identify relevant websites for outreach, you can start by researching websites in your industry that have a high domain authority and are related to your niche. Look for websites that publish content similar to yours or have a target audience that aligns with yours. This will increase the chances of securing high-quality backlinks.

  • What should I include in my outreach emails?

    In your outreach emails, it’s important to personalize your message and explain why linking to your website would be beneficial for the recipient. Highlight the value of your content and how it aligns with their audience’s interests. Keep the email concise, polite, and professional, and include a clear call-to-action for them to link back to your website.

  • How can I monitor the performance of my backlinks?

    You can monitor the performance of your backlinks by using backlink analysis tools. These tools provide insights into the quality and performance of your backlinks, including metrics such as domain authority, referral traffic, and anchor text. Additionally, monitoring your website’s referral traffic and search engine rankings can give you an indication of the impact your backlinks are having.